In the Turks and Caicos Islands, all spawning aggregations are protected (except for those of mutton snapper). A closed season for Nassau grouper during its reproductive period is also designed to prevent their spawning aggregations from being fished. In addition, fishing is not allowed in the country’s network of marine protected areas which includes numerous spawning aggregations sites. While these regulations may be good for the species concerned, they impact small-scale fishers’ livelihoods. 

Our project aimed to assess whether spawning aggregations could become a non-extractive resource for fishers – i.e., instead of making money from fishing spawning aggregations, can small-scale fishers supplement their livelihoods by developing tourism around these ecological phenomena? 

Typically, when measures are implemented that restrict fishing but promote tourism, fishers do not end up benefitting. Instead, other stakeholders (e.g., pre-existing tour operators) tend to profit at the expense of fishers. Therefore, it is crucial to ensure that any development of spawning aggregations as an ecotourism product happens in an equitable and just way that directly benefits fishers.

In addition, spawning aggregations are often focal sites of scientific studies and monitoring, and so we also wanted to make sure that fishers were involved in this research too.

Fishers’ ecological knowledge has value and should not be exploited unfairly by other stakeholders.